SULPHADIAZINE | druginfo

SULFDIAZINE

SULFONAMIDE

Cross and Allergic Reactions

Usage

Amoxicillin should not be taken if one has- Mononucleosis, Colitis, Diabetes, Renal Dysfunction, Pku (Phenylketonuria), Hemodialysis--Dose needs to be decreased when in pregnancy

Type

They are bacteriostatic against many gram positive and gram negative organisms and act as bactericidal in urine

Sulfdiazines are structural analogues of PABA that inhibit folic acid synthesis by bacteria. Human cells use preformed folic acid from diet hence they remain unaffected.

History

In 1935, Gerhard Domagk discovered the first sulphonamide-prontosil rubrum. Four years later he received the Noble Prize.

Usage

Used for

Urinary tract infections- UTI
Respiratory tract infections-RTI both upper-URTI and lower- LRTI
Typhoid
E.coli, Shigella- diarrhoea and dysentery
Some sexually transmitted diseases
Used in prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii infection in patient with AIDS

Cross and Allergic Reactions

Cross Reactions: with phenytoin, tolbutamide and warfarin- enhances their action. They decrease renal excretion of methotrexate and can lead to its toxicity*.

Its fixed dosage use with penicillin has been banned in India.

Allergic Reactions seen with sulphonamides are rashes, urticaria and drug fever can occur in 2-5% of cases.

Side Effects

The Side Effects associated with sulphonamides are-

nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain are common

hepatitis, hemolysis are rare Kernicterus may be precipitate in newborn not used in pregnancy for teratogenic* risk particularly when used in combination with trimethoprim.

Shelf Life

Shelf Life:- 1 year from manufacturing date, more than that can cause accelerated side effects

Should not be taken if

Should not take if one is hypersensitive to it, or if one has liver disease or is on diuretics or is pregnant.